Ph.D. in transcendent philosophy (Hikma al-Mota’alia), Associate professor of al-Mostafa International University, Ashtian
Abstract
The issue of habits is one of the important issues in Islamic philosophy, which is related to the issue of the perfection of the soul. Since in Islamic debates, the subject of the pedagogy of souls is very important, the present research is necessary and can open the way for further discussions.The main question of this research is what are spiritual habits, how are they achieved and what is their relation with the subject of human pedagogy.In the discussion of habits, more attention has been paid to ethics and education, and the discussion of pedagogy has been neglected. In this research, the close relationship between them is explained. This research was done in a descriptive-analytical way and the data was collected by studying the tradition of Islamic philosophy.The findings of the research can be mentioned as follows:A spiritual habitarises as a result of repeating an action and continuing on it. Every action of a human being has an effect, and when an action is repeated, its effect increases, and its remaining results in the creation of a quality or attribute in the soul, which is called habit (Mallaka).Habits are divided into two categories, cognitive and practical, and they provide the basis for self-pedagogy. The soul has potency and disposition due to its relation with the body, and it becomes complete by actualizing these potencies.It is by using the body and acquiring knowledge and engagement that the soul achieves its perfection in attributes and qualities. It’s after that the field of passivity and acquiring new forms is achieved.